Risk factors for suicidal behaviors in adolescents, literature review

Suicidal behaviors are considered a continuum from cognitive aspects: suicidal ideation and suicidal planning, to even behavioral: suicide attempt and suicide. Adolescent suicide is a public health problem worldwide, and it occurs more in developing countries, where early identification is complicated due to scarce and limited resources and services. In Mexico, mortality from suicides has increased steadily and uninterruptedly. Hence, the importance of knowing how to identify patient risk factors, focusing on the ecological model. Identifying them promptly can help prevent theirconsumption and provide better treatment. This review aims to provide health personnel with an updated review of the risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents from the ecological model. So that they can carry out early identification and care. With this review, we can conclude that suicidal behavior is a complex phenomenon of a biopsychosocial nature, of worldwide interest and growing among the adolescent and young population. The ecological model allows for identifying and analyzing risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents from the individual, family, community, and social levels. Knowing these risk factors is the first step in identifying and preventing suicide. There are some gender differences in these risk factors, which must be considered to identify patients with suicidal behaviors. A group that requires more research is the people who belong to indigenous communities.