Frequency constrained energy storage system allocation in power system with high renewable penetration

Energy storage system (ESS) plays an important role in power systems with high -penetration renewable energy, where economic and security are recognized as the major concerns in energy storage allocation. One of the security issue is related to power system frequency, ESS is commonly allocated into the system in order to minimize frequency deviation after large disturbances. However, it is technically difficult to integrated post -disturbance frequency as a constraint in existing planning formulations due to its nonlinear and scenariospecified nature. In this paper, a compact form of post -disturbance frequency constraint is derived so that it can be easily integrated into a mixed -integer linear programming (MILP) model of ESS planning. The necessary disturbance set is determined based on an operational bottleneck identification method. Therefore, an MILP based frequency constrained ESS planning formulation is established and then solved. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a practical provincial -level power grid in China with high -penetration renewable energy is employed as a test system with three cases of different CO 2 emission target and renewable penetration levels. Based on a complete numerical verification of the proposed model, the required ESS allocation for the three cases are determined, which are consistent with time -domain simulation of frequency disturbance and practical power grid development planning.