Spatiotemporal fate of nanocarriers-embedded dissolving microneedles: the impact of needle dissolving rate

Objective Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) have shown great potential for transdermal drug delivery due to their excellent skin-penetrating ability and combination with nanocarriers (NCs) can realize targeted drug delivery. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of microneedle dissolving rate on the in vivo fate of NC-loaded DMNs, which would facilitate the clinical translation of such systems. Methods Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were selected as the model NC for loading in DMNs, which were labeled by P4 probes with aggregation-quenching properties. Sodium hyaluronate acid (HA) and chitosan (CS), with different aqueous dissolving rates, were chosen as model tip materials. The effects of needle dissolving rate on the in vivo fate of NC-loaded DMNs was investigated by tracking the distribution of fluorescence signals after transdermal exposure. Results P4 SLNs achieved a deeper diffusion depth of 180 mu m in DMN-HA with a faster dissolution rate, while the diffusion depth in DMN-CS with a slower dissolution rate was lower (140 mu m). The in vivo experiments demonstrated that P4 SLNs had a T-1/2 value of 12.14 h in DMN-HA, whilst a longer retention time was found in DMN-CS, with a T-1/2 of 13.12 h. Conclusions This study confirmed that the in vivo diffusion rate of NC-loaded DMNs was determined by the dissolving rate of DMNs materials and provided valuable guidance for the design and development of NC-loaded DMNs in the future.