Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of the crashworthiness of a tree-like hierarchical multicellular bi-tube

Drawing inspiration from the branching structure of trees, a novel Tree-like Hierarchical Multi-cellular Bi-tube (THMBT) has been devised. This design merges the hierarchical distribution traits of tree branches with the superior crashworthiness of double square tube structures. Utilizing a validated finite element model, this study investigates the crashworthiness of THMBT, examining the impacts of wall thickness, bifurcation angle, and bifurcation length on its performance. The Simplified Super Folding Element theory is employed for theoretical analysis, facilitating the calculation of the mean crushing force of THMBT. Findings reveal that wall thickness exerts the most pronounced influence on crashworthiness. As wall thickness increases, THMBT-3 demonstrates a substantial 88.07% enhancement in specific energy absorption, accompanied by a notable increase in peak crushing force. Particularly noteworthy is the exceptional crashworthiness of THMBT-3 with a bifurcation angle (theta) of 60 degrees. For instance, the crushing force efficiency of THMBT-3 with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm reaches 92.08%. Furthermore, when considering different bifurcation lengths under the same wall thickness and bifurcation coefficients (c) set to 1/3, both THMBT-2 and THMBT-3 exhibit superior impact resistance within their respective structures. This study marks a significant advancement by integrating biomimetic design with double square tubes, resulting in a substantial improvement in structural crashworthiness. The findings offer valuable insights for the further development of biomimetic and double square tubes.