Carbon-Boosted and Nitrogen-Stabilized Isolated Single-Atom Sites for Direct Dehydrogenation of Lower Alkanes

Lower olefins are widely used in the chemical industry as basic carbon-based feedstocks. Here, we report the catalytic system featuring isolated single-atom sites of iridium (Ir-1) that can function within the entire temperature range of 300-600 degrees C and transform alkanes with conversions close to thermodynamics-dictated levels. The high turnover frequency values of the Ir-1 system are comparable to those of homogeneous catalytic reactions. Experimental data and theoretical calculations both indicate that Ir-1 is the primary catalytic site, while the coordinating C and N atoms help to enhance the activity and stability, respectively; all three kinds of elements cooperatively contribute to the high performance of this novel active site. We have further immobilized this catalyst on particulate Al2O3, and we found that the resulting composite system under mimicked industrial conditions could still give high catalytic performances; in addition, we have also developed and established a new scheme of periodical in situ regeneration specifically for this composite particulate catalyst.