Wave Manipulation with mmWave Wide Bandwidth and Extensive Spatial Coverage Using 1-Bit Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

We present an advanced approach to wave manipulation utilizing mmWave wide bandwidth, enhanced gain, and extensive spatial coverage through a 1 -bit stacked patch reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The RIS was designed on a four -layer board based on RO4350B, featuring a stacked patch on the front and phase -shifter components with a biasing line on the back of board. This sophisticated RIS comprises 400 elements, with a total array size of 100 x 100 mm 2 , providing a remarkable bandwidth of 7.02 GHz to cover the n257 band. Through a meticulous blend of simulations and real -world implementation, we emphasize the adaptability of the RIS in steering beams, maintaining a minimum gain variation and ensuring the gain of 21.03 to 15.17 dBi up to +/- 80 degrees beam steering on normal incidence. Our study explores various beam manipulation scenarios, including near -to -far -field, far -to -far -field, and far -tonear -field transformations. The successful fabrication of the proposed RIS, combined with communication and transmission coefficient performance tests across the n257 band, underscores the practical applicability and robust performance of the system in real -world scenarios, thereby ensuring link throughput. The comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the design, simulation, fabrication, and performance evaluation of mmWave RIS. The successful integration of theoretical insights with empirical validations positions the present study at the forefront of mmWave innovation, with significant implications for the future of various research and wireless communication technologies.