Rise and fall of patterns in driven-dissipative Rydberg polaritons

In this study, we present an exploration of spontaneous symmetry breaking and pattern formation in the driven-dissipative system of Rydberg exciton polaritons with long-range interactions. Our investigation unravels the pattern formations through modulational instability, characterized by scales in the micron range. We observe the dynamics of the polariton ensemble, studying the emergence of metastable patterns and their eventual collapse in the long-time limit. This phenomenon is attributed to the destructive interference between the polariton state and the external drive within the ensemble. Further, we delineate conditions conducive to the stable formation of patterns under incoherent pumping. These findings open up various avenues for delving into the burgeoning realm of driven-dissipative and long-range interacting gases through the unique characteristics of Rydberg excitons.