Efficient generalized estimators of population mean in the presence of non-response and measurement error

Researchers frequently encounter significant challenges in sampling surveys, particularly related to non-response and measurement errors. These challenges pose substantial obstacles that can undermine the precision and dependability of survey outcomes. In this study, we introduced population mean estimators that explicitly address non-response and measurement error, employing both single-phase and two-phase sampling techniques. We derived the bias and mean square error expressions of the proposed estimators up to the first order of approximation. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed estimators t(S1) and t(S2), the percent relative efficiencies have been computed. The percent relative efficiency results of population 1 in single-phase sampling for the proposed estimator are 612.258, 610.837, and 609.061, while for two-phase sampling, the results are 576.823, 581.090, and 586.541. These results show the superior performance of the proposed estimators when compared to......,......1,...... and......, as reflected in Tables 4 and 5.