Arithmetic Optimization for Coinciding Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema Grading based on Self-Attention Convolutional Neural Network

This paper proposes a Self-Attention Convolutional Neural Network (SACNN) optimized with Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) for coinciding Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Diabetic Macular Edema Grading (DMEG) (SACNN-AOA-DR-DMEG). Initially, the input image is collected from 2 openly available benchmark datasets, namely Messidor and ISBI 2018 IDRiD. Then the input image is pre-processing using Altered Phase Preserving Dynamic Range Compression (APPDRC) for reducing noise from the imageries. SACNN receives the pre-processed imageries. The SACNN has three modules: (i) plane attention module, (ii) depth attention module, (iii) Attention Fusion Module. DR and DME features are extracted by plane attention module and depth attention module of SACNN. Attention Fusion Module receives extracted characteristics for categorizing and grading DR and DME disorders. SACNN does not adopt any optimization techniques to guarantee accurate DR and DME grading disorders. That's why, Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) is deemed to optimize the SACNN weight parameters. The proposed technique is implemented in Python. The proposed SACNN-AOA-DR-DMEG method provides 11.18%, 18.99% and 23.76% higher accuracy for diabetic retinopathy grading; 11.52%, 29.62% and 20.38% higher accuracy for DMEG; 33.39%, 22%, 39.26% lower computation time on Messidor data compared with the existing methods, such as AMGNN-DR-DMEG, LCNN-DR-DMEG, and FFN-DR-DMEG respectively.