SARS-CoV-2 correlates of protection from infection against variants of concern

被引：7

作者：

Sun, Kaiyuan ^{[1
]}

Bhiman, Jinal N. ^{[2
,3
]}

Tempia, Stefano ^{[4
,5
,6
]}

Kleynhans, Jackie ^{[4
,5
]}

Madzorera, Vimbai Sharon ^{[2
,3
]}

Mkhize, Qiniso ^{[2
,3
]}

Kaldine, Haajira ^{[2
,3
]}

Mcmorrow, Meredith L. ^{[6
,7
]}

Wolter, Nicole ^{[4
,8
]}

Moyes, Jocelyn ^{[4
,5
]}

Carrim, Maimuna ^{[4
]}

Martinson, Neil A. ^{[9
,10
]}

Kahn, Kathleen ^{[8
,11
]}

Lebina, Limakatso ^{[9
]}

du Toit, Jacques D. ^{[11
]}

Mkhencele, Thulisa ^{[4
]}

von Gottberg, Anne ^{[4
]}

Viboud, Cecile ^{[1
,8
]}

Moore, Penny L. ^{[12
]}

Buys, Amelia ^{[4
,5
]}

Cohen, Cheryl ^{[4
,5
]}

de Gouveia, Linda ^{[4
]}

du Plessis, Mignon ^{[4
,8
]}

du Toit, Jacques ^{[11
]}

Gomez-Olive, Francesc Xavier ^{[11
]}

Kgasago, Kgaugelo Patricia ^{[11
]}

Kotane, Retshidisitswe ^{[4
]}

Moloantoa, Tumelo ^{[4
]}

Tollman, Stephen ^{[11
]}

Wafawanaka, Floidy ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Div Int Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

[2] Univ Witwatersrand, SAMRC Antibody Immun Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa

[3] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr HIV & STIs, Johannesburg, South Africa

[4] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Resp Dis & Meningitis, Johannesburg, South Africa

[5] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa

[6] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA

[7] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, COVID 19 Response, Atlanta, GA USA

[8] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Pathol, Johannesburg, South Africa

[9] Univ Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa

[10] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD USA

[11] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, MRC Wits Rural Publ Hlth & Hlth Transit Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa

[12] Ctr AIDS Programme Res South Africa CAPRISA, Durban, South Africa

来源：

NATURE MEDICINE | 2024年

基金：

新加坡国家研究基金会; 英国医学研究理事会; 比尔及梅琳达.盖茨基金会; 英国惠康基金;

关键词：

TRANSMISSION; VACCINATION; ANTIBODY;

D O I：

10.1038/s41591-024-03131-2

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

Serum neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by vaccination have been linked to protection against symptomatic and severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, much less is known about the efficacy of nAbs in preventing the acquisition of infection, especially in the context of natural immunity and against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune-escape variants. Here we conducted mediation analysis to assess serum nAbs induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infections as potential correlates of protection against Delta and Omicron infections, in rural and urban household cohorts in South Africa. We find that, in the Delta wave, D614G nAbs mediate 37% (95% confidence interval: 34-40%) of the total protection against infection conferred by prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and that protection decreases with waning immunity. In contrast, Omicron BA.1 nAbs mediate 11% (95% confidence interval: 9-12%) of the total protection against Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 infections, due to Omicron's neutralization escape. These findings underscore that correlates of protection mediated through nAbs are variant specific, and that boosting of nAbs against circulating variants might restore or confer immune protection lost due to nAb waning and/or immune escape. However, the majority of immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 conferred by natural infection cannot be fully explained by serum nAbs alone. Measuring these and other immune markers including T cell responses, both in the serum and in other compartments such as the nasal mucosa, may be required to comprehensively understand and predict immune protection against SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) mediate protection against infection by the cognate variant to distinct extents, while the majority of protection elicited by natural infection is not mediated by nAbs.

引用

页码：2805 / 2812

页数：25

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