Exploring the role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in viral infections: from pathological insights to biomarker potential

被引:1
作者
Oberholster, Larise [1 ,2 ]
Du Pasquier, Renaud [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Mathias, Amandine [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Lausanne Univ Hosp CHUV, Dept Clin Neurosci, Lab Neuroimmunol, Serv Neurol, Lausanne, Switzerland
[2] Univ Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
[3] Lausanne Univ Hosp CHUV, Dept Clin Neurosci, Serv Neurol, Lausanne, Switzerland
关键词
extracellular vesicles; neurotropic viruses; biomarker; pathogenesis; herpes simplex; polyomavirus; Zika virus; HIV; EXOSOMAL TRANSFER; DENDRITIC CELLS; VIRUS; PROTEINS; PATHWAY; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS; LYMPHOCYTES; TRANSFERRIN; IMPAIRMENT;
D O I
10.3389/fcimb.2024.1423394
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by all cell types that play a central role in cell-to-cell communication. Since these vesicles serve as vehicles of cellular content (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids) with the potential to cross biological barriers, they represent a novel attractive window into an otherwise inaccessible organ, such as the brain. The composition of EVs is cell-type specific and mirrors the physiological condition of the cell-of-origin. Consequently, during viral infection, EVs undergo significant changes in their content and morphology, thereby reflecting alterations in the cellular state. Here, we briefly summarize the potential of brain-derived EVs as a lens into viral infection in the central nervous system, thereby: 1) uncovering underlying pathophysiological processes at play and 2) serving as liquid biopsies of the brain, representing a non-invasive source of biomarkers for monitoring disease activity. Although translating the potential of EVs from research to diagnosis poses complexities, characterizing brain-derived EVs in the context of viral infections holds promise to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering new avenues for managing infectious neurological diseases.
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