Malnutrition prevalence in hospitalized pediatric patients: A comparison of national and World Health Organization growth standards

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of malnutrition in hospitalized children and compare national growth standards with World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Methods: After obtaining height, weight, and mid-upper arm circumference values for 250 children aged 1 month to 5 years, nutrition status was assessed separately according to Neyzi and WHO standards. Weight-for-age z score (WAZ), weight-for-height z score (WHZ), height-for-age z score (HAZ), and mid-upper arm circumference z score (MUACz) were calculated based on age. Patients with WHZ < -2 were considered to have acute malnutrition, while those with HAZ < -2 were considered to have chronic malnutrition per WHO's definition. Results: According to the WHO and Neyzi standards, the z scores were as follows: WAZ (-0.53 +/- 1.54/-0.61 +/- 1.52), HAZ (-0.42 +/- 1.61/-0.45 +/- 1.38), WHZ (-0.33 +/- 1.26/none), MUACz (-0.58 +/- 1.31/none). The difference between WAZ scores for the two standards was highly significant (P = 0.0001), whereas the difference between HAZ scores didn't reach statistical significance (P = 0.052). In our study when evaluated according to WHO standards, the prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition was 9.6% and 13.6%, respectively. The prevalence of chronic malnutrition in those aged <2 years was higher than in the 2-5 years age group (16.8% and 4.5%, respectively; P = 0.012). Conclusion: There were highly significant differences in the assessment of malnutrition between the WHO and national Neyzi according to WAZ standards, contradicting the claim that WHO curves can be universally applicable. The high rates of acute and chronic malnutrition in our study indicate that malnutrition remains a significant nutrition problem in our country.