Analysis of indoxyl sulfate in biological fluids with emphasis on sample preparation techniques: A comprehensive analytical review

被引:0
作者
Shafiee, Samira [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Dastmalchi, Siavoush [2 ,3 ]
Gharekhani, Afshin [3 ]
Shayanfar, Ali [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Tabriz, Iran
[2] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran
[3] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Fac Pharm, Tabriz, Iran
[4] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Pharmaceut Anal Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran
关键词
Bioanalysis; Chronic kidney disease (CKD); Indoxyl sulfate (IS); Sample preparation; Uremic toxin; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; BOUND UREMIC TOXINS; SERUM INDOXYL; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LC-MS/MS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; P-CRESOL; ASSOCIATION; BIOMARKER;
D O I
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35032
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) has been related to the development of various medical conditions notably chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hence, quantification of this biomarker in biological fluids may be a diagnostic tool to evaluate renal system functionality. Numerous analytical methods including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques have since been used to analyze IS in different biological fluids. The current review highlights the relevant studies that assessed IS with a special focus on sample preparation, which is essential to reduce or eliminate the effect of endogenous components from the matrix in bioanalysis.
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页数:11
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