Carbon footprint analysis of an optimized solar-wind-gas coupled heat and power system from system and ecological perspectives

The integration of solar full-spectrum and wind devices into district energy systems presents a promising avenue for reducing fuel consumption and advancing renewable energy utilization. To meet the heat and power demands of an industrial park, a solar-wind-gas coupling system is proposed, leveraging an organic Rankine cycle for efficient utilization of renewable and waste heat. Through the optimization of profit maximization via integrated demand response and carbon trading mechanisms, the specific carbon footprint in an ecological perspective considering both direct and indirect emissions is estimated. The findings reveal significant cost savings for users exceeding $400 through the demand response method, alongside a 5% reduction in operating costs for the system through carbon trading, albeit with elevated carbon footprints in energy and exergy domains. Moreover, higher carbon prices are shown to enhance profits due to increased award costs in carbon trading, while concurrently resulting in heightened ecological carbon emissions. This research extends traditional dispatching methods by integrating ecological carbon footprint analysis, offering valuable insights for sustainable energy management strategies.