The Th1/Th2 paradigm: A misrepresentation of helper T cell plasticity

被引：14

作者：

Rogozynski, Noah P. ^{[1
]}

Dixon, Brian ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada

来源：

IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS | 2024年 / 268卷

关键词：

Helper T cell; Plasticity; Th1/Th2; paradigm; Hybrid Th cell; Autoimmunity; Th subsets; TH1; CYTOKINES; EFFECTOR; SUBSETS; IMMUNITY; BALANCE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106870

中图分类号：

R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];

学科分类号：

100102 ;

摘要：

For decades, the Th1/2 paradigm has been used to classify immune responses as either Th1 or Th2-biased. However, in recent years, a staggering amount of evidence has emerged to support rejection of the classical Th1/Th2 paradigm, such as the discoveries of new helper T cell subsets, helper T cell plasticity and protective mixed-Th1/Th2 responses. This opinion piece investigates the shortcomings of classical Th1/Th2 paradigm in the context of recent works, with the goal of facilitating the development of newer models to represent the diversity of Th cells.

引用

收藏

页数：5

相关论文

共 47 条

[1] Synergy between Th1 and Th2 responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: A review of current understanding [J].

Abebe, Fekadu .

INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS OF IMMUNOLOGY, 2019, 38 (04) :172-179

[2] Th1-Th2: reliable paradigm or dangerous dogma? [J].

Allen, JE ;

Maizels, RM .

IMMUNOLOGY TODAY, 1997, 18 (08) :387-392

[3] Role and Potential of Different T Helper Cell Subsets in Adoptive Cell Therapy [J].

Andreu-Sanz, David ;

Kobold, Sebastian .

CANCERS, 2023, 15 (06)

[4] Differentiation and Regulation of TH Cells: A Balancing Act for Cancer Immunotherapy [J].

Basu, Amrita ;

Ramamoorthi, Ganesan ;

Albert, Gabriella ;

Gallen, Corey ;

Beyer, Amber ;

Snyder, Colin ;

Koski, Gary ;

Disis, Mary L. ;

Czerniecki, Brian J. ;

Kodumudi, Krithika .

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, 2021, 12 :669474

[5] Type 17 Immune Response Facilitates Progression of Inflammation and Correlates with Cognition in Stable Schizophrenia [J].

Borovcanin, Milica M. ;

Minic Janicijevic, Slavica ;

Jovanovic, Ivan P. ;

Gajovic, Nevena M. ;

Jurisevic, Milena M. ;

Arsenijevic, Nebojsa N. .

DIAGNOSTICS, 2020, 10 (11)

[6] On Analyzing How the Th1/Th2 Phenotype of an Immune Response Is Determined: Classical Observations Must Not Be Ignored [J].

Bretscher, Peter .

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, 2019, 10

[7] The role of cytokines in determining the Th1/Th2 phenotype of an immune response: Coherence of the T cell response and the Cytokine Implementation Hypothesis [J].

Bretscher, Peter A. .

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 2022, 95 (01)

[8] Antibody-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens: Two-dimensional thinking comes full circle [J].

Casadevall, A .

INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, 2003, 71 (08) :4225-4228

[9] The intracellular pathogen concept [J].

Casadevall, Arturo ;

Fang, Ferric C. .

MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, 2020, 113 (03) :541-545

[10] Functional and Phenotypic Plasticity of CD4+ T Cell Subsets [J].

Caza, Tiffany ;

Landas, Steve .

BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, 2015, 2015

← 1 2 3 4 5 →