Design and development of low-profile hybrid reconfigurable antenna for 5G sub-6 GHz applications

This paper reports a low-profile hybrid reconfigurable antenna for 5G sub-6 GHz applications, measuring 14 x 15 x 0.787 mm3. A hybrid, frequency-and pattern-reconfigurable antenna with a semi-circular patch makes up the design. The Rogers RT5880 substrate, having a dielectric constant of 2.2, is used to build the design. Two PIN diodes are employed in the top layer to reconfigure frequency, and two diodes are used in the bottom layer to achieve pattern reconfigurability. Inverted L-shaped stubs and a defective ground structure (DGS) are put onto the antenna's ground plane. The ground plane uses the DGS to cover the necessary sub-6 GHz frequency spectrum. The suggested design covers two distinct frequency bands having -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 260 MHz for 3.4 GHz-3.6 GHz when the top layer diodes are ON and 270 MHz for 3.6 GHz-3.8 GHz when they are OFF. In addition, the suggested design is manufactured and tested, and the simulation and measurement results show good association.