Environmental law impact on sustainable urban energy systems: Policy innovations and decision making

Enabling sustainable energy systems in urban environments is a critical challenge in contemporary research. This paper explores the environmental law impact on sustainable urban energy systems, focusing on policy innovations and decision-making processes. A multilayer quadratic optimization model is proposed to minimize the total operation cost of distributed generation (DGs) and renewable sources, considering reconfiguration switching. The formulation includes intricate parameters and variables, aiming to achieve an optimal balance between cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability. Additionally, constraints related to battery storage and dynamic weather impacts are incorporated into the optimization model. The proposed model is solved using a novel binary differential evolution algorithm based on taper-shaped transfer functions. Additionally, Ensemble Forecasting is employed to predict various variables, including market prices, weather conditions, and load demands. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a comprehensive comparative analysis with other optimization algorithms. The findings highlight the significance of policy interventions and advanced decision-making strategies in shaping sustainable urban energy systems.