Assessment of Functional Outcome and Postoperative Complications in Proximal Humerus Fracture Patients Managed With Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System (PHILOS) Plating

Background: Proximal humerus fractures are primarily common in the old age group. The appropriate approach to managing such displaced and comminuted fracture patterns is often questionable. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the functional outcome of proximal humerus fractures following treatment with a proximal humerus locking plate and to assess the frequency of complications in such patients. Methodology: In this robust study, 33 cases of proximal humerus fractures underwent surgical management at a prestigious teaching hospital from February 2021 to August 2022 utilizing a proximal humerus internal locking system (PHILOS) plate. The NEER classification was employed to categorize the fractures, and the NEER score was used for functional assessment. It's crucial to note that individuals with pathological fractures, associated injuries in the ipsilateral limb, nerve injuries, and cases of open fracture were rigorously excluded from the study. Results: The mean age was 47 +/- 5.2 years. Based on NEER's classification, the distribution of fractures was as follows: two-part fractures accounted for 18.18% (n = 6) of cases, three-part fractures for 54.54% (n = 18) of cases, and four-part fractures for 27.27% (n = 9) of cases. A history of road traffic accidents and falls was reported in 54.54% (n = 18) and 45.45% (n = 15) of cases, respectively. Functional outcome assessment utilizing NEER's score revealed a minimum score of 48 and a maximum of 96, with an average score of 82.96 +/- 12.73. Notably, 39% of patients demonstrated excellent results, 27% exhibited satisfactorily, 21% manifested unsatisfactorily, and 12.12% presented failure outcomes. Of the 33 operated cases, 81.8% (n = 27) exhibited no complications during follow-up. The predominant complication observed was shoulder stiffness (9.09%, n = 3), followed by Varus mal-union (6.06%, n = 2), and superficial surgical site infection (3.03%, n = 1), managed with debridement and antibiotics leading to subsequent resolution. Conclusions: Managing proximal humerus fractures has consistently posed a formidable challenge. Our study indicates that using the PHILOS plate represents a reliable option for addressing such fractures. This plate provides sturdy fixation, facilitates early mobilization, and culminates in exceptional functional outcomes. The insights gained from this study can inform clinical decision -making and guide orthopedic surgeons in selecting the appropriate treatment strategy for proximal humerus fracture patients.