Effects of Breastfeeding on Cognitive Abilities at 4 Years Old: Cohort Study

被引:0
作者
Vargas-Perez, Susana [1 ,2 ]
Hernandez-Martinez, Carmen [1 ,2 ]
Voltas, Nuria [1 ,2 ,4 ]
Morales-Hidalgo, Paula [1 ,2 ]
Canals, Josefa [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Arija, Victoria [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Res Grp Nutr & Mental Hlth NUTRISAM, Tarragona, Spain
[2] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Res Ctr Behav Assessment CRAMC, Tarragona, Spain
[3] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Pere Virgili Inst Hlth Res IISPV, Reus, Spain
[4] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Fac Educ Sci & Psychol, Dept Psychol, Tarragona, Spain
关键词
Intelligence quotient; Breastfeeding; Cognitive abilities; Executive function; MOTOR DEVELOPMENT; IRON STATUS; ASSOCIATION; DURATION; AGE; INTELLIGENCE; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE;
D O I
10.1007/s13158-024-00396-z
中图分类号
G40 [教育学];
学科分类号
040101 ; 120403 ;
摘要
Human breast milk dynamically adapts to meet the needs of healthy neurodevelopment. While a great deal of research has examined the relationship between breastfeeding, infant cognitive development and IQ, findings are inconclusive when potential confounders are adjusted for. This raises questions about the various ways in which breastfeeding and other crucial factors can impact on infant IQ and cognitive abilities. The main aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between breastfeeding and child IQ and cognitive abilities after adjusting for sociodemographic, perinatal and postnatal variables. The participants were 613 boys and girls aged 4-5 years old from two cohort studies carried out in Tarragona, Spain. IQ and cognitive abilities were assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-IV (WPPSI-IV). Sociodemographic, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors were collected. Descriptive analyses compared mother and infant characteristics by breastfeeding categories using Chi-squared and ANOVA tests. Regression models explored associations between breastfeeding duration and WPPSI-IV indexes. Breastfeeding from 1 to 8 months was related to higher scores on the Full-Scale IQ (b = 3.909, p = 0.035) and Working Memory Index (b = 3.757, p = 0.044), Non-Verbal Index (b = 4.184, p = 0.029), Cognitive Proficiency Index (b = 4.015, p = 0.038) at 4-5 years old, even after adjusting for the mother's IQ and mother-infant attachment difficulties. Our study emphasizes the numerous advantages of breastfeeding and underscores the importance of infants being breastfed through healthcare and health policies. Advocating breastfeeding for the first six months of life is crucial for enhancing lifelong well-being and cognitive development in children. Le lait maternel humain s'adapte dynamiquement pour r & eacute;pondre aux besoins d'un neurod & eacute;veloppement sain. Bien qu'un grand nombre de recherches aient examin & eacute; la relation entre l'allaitement, le d & eacute;veloppement cognitif des nourrissons et le QI, les r & eacute;sultats sont peu concluants lorsque les potentiels facteurs de confusion sont pris en compte. Cela soul & egrave;ve des questions sur les diff & eacute;rentes fa & ccedil;ons dont l'allaitement et d'autres facteurs cruciaux peuvent avoir un impact sur le QI et les capacit & eacute;s cognitives des nourrissons. L'objectif principal de cette & eacute;tude & eacute;tait d'analyser la relation entre l'allaitement et le QI ainsi que les capacit & eacute;s cognitives des enfants apr & egrave;s ajustement pour les variables sociod & eacute;mographiques, p & eacute;rinatales et postnatales. Les participants & eacute;taient 613 gar & ccedil;ons et filles & acirc;g & eacute;s de 4 & agrave; 5 ans provenant de deux & eacute;tudes de cohorte r & eacute;alis & eacute;es & agrave; Tarragone, Espagne. Le QI et les capacit & eacute;s cognitives ont & eacute;t & eacute; & eacute;valu & eacute;s & agrave; l'aide de l'& Eacute;chelle d'intelligence de Wechsler pour la p & eacute;riode pr & eacute;scolaire et primaire-IV (WPPSI-IV). Les facteurs sociod & eacute;mographiques, pr & eacute;natals, p & eacute;rinatals et postnataux ont & eacute;t & eacute; collect & eacute;s. Des analyses descriptives ont compar & eacute; les caract & eacute;ristiques des m & egrave;res et des nourrissons selon les cat & eacute;gories d'allaitement en utilisant des tests du Chi carr & eacute; et des tests ANOVA. Des mod & egrave;les de r & eacute;gression ont explor & eacute; les associations entre la dur & eacute;e de l'allaitement et les indices WPPSI-IV. L'allaitement de 1 & agrave; 8 mois & eacute;tait li & eacute; & agrave; des scores plus & eacute;lev & eacute;s sur le QI global (b = 3.909, P = 0.035) et l'Indice de M & eacute;moire de Travail (b = 3.757, P = 0.044), l'Indice Non-Verbal (b = 4.184, P = 0.029), l'Indice de Comp & eacute;tence Cognitive (b = 4.015, P = 0.038) & agrave; 4-5 ans, m & ecirc;me apr & egrave;s ajustement pour le QI de la m & egrave;re et les difficult & eacute;s d'attachement m & egrave;re-enfant. Notre & eacute;tude met en & eacute;vidence les nombreux avantages de l'allaitement et souligne l'importance des politiques de sant & eacute; promouvant l'allaitement maternel. Promouvoir l'allaitement pendant les six premiers mois de la vie est crucial pour am & eacute;liorer le bien-& ecirc;tre tout au long de la vie et le d & eacute;veloppement cognitif des enfants. La leche materna humana se adapta din & aacute;micamente para satisfacer las necesidades de un neurodesarrollo saludable. Aunque se ha investigado extensamente la relaci & oacute;n entre la lactancia materna, el desarrollo cognitive infantil y el coeficiente intelectual (CI), los resultados son inconclusos cuando se ajustan por posibles factores de confusi & oacute;n. Esto plantea interrogantes sobre las diversas maneras en que la lactancia materna y otros factores cruciales pueden influir en el CI y las habilidades cognitivas de los lactantes. El objetivo principal de este studio fue analizar la relaci & oacute;n entre la lactancia materna y el CI infantil y las habilidades cognitivas, despu & eacute;s de ajustar por variables sociodemogr & aacute;ficas, perinatales y postnatales. Los participantes fueron 613 ni & ntilde;os y ni & ntilde;as de 4 a 5 a & ntilde;os de edad, provenientes de dos estudios de cohorte realizados en Tarragona, Espa & ntilde;a. El CI y las habilidades cognitivas se evaluaron utilizando la Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para Preescolar y Primaria-IV (WPPSI-IV). Se obtuvo informaci & oacute;n sobre factores sociodemogr & aacute;ficos e informaci & oacute;n del periodo prenatal, perinatal y postnatal. Las caracter & iacute;sticas descriptivas de la madre y del infante seg & uacute;n las categor & iacute;as de lactancia materna se compararon mediante pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y ANOVA. Las asociaciones entre la duraci & oacute;n de la lactancia materna y los & iacute;ndices de la WPPSI-IV se exploraron mediante modelos de regresi & oacute;n. La lactancia materna de 1 a 8 meses se relacion & oacute; con puntuaciones m & aacute;s altas en el CI Total (b = 3.909, P = 0.035) y el & Iacute;ndice de Memoria de Trabajo (b = 3.757, P = 0.044), el & Iacute;ndice No Verbal (b = 4.184, P = 0.029), el & Iacute;ndice de Competencia Cognitiva (b = 4.015, P = 0.038) a los 4-5 a & ntilde;os de edad, incluso despu & eacute;s de ajustar por el CI de la madre y las dificultades de apego madre-infante. Nuestro estudio enfatiza las numerosas ventajas de la lactancia materna y subraya la importancia de promover la lactancia materna a trav & eacute;s de pol & iacute;ticas de salud. Promover la lactancia maternal durante los primeros seis meses de vida es crucial para mejorar el bienestar y el desarrollo cognitivo a lo largo de la vida en los ni & ntilde;os.
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页码:255 / 277
页数:23
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