Clinical outcomes of adaptive intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy technique in locally advanced cervical cancer: A real-world data

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical outcomes of CT-based adaptive intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy (IC followed by IC-ISBT) in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) in resourceconstrained settings. METHODS AND MATERIALS: LACC patients treated with adaptive brachytherapy techniques were analyzed to evaluate treatment characteristics and clinical outcomes. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the log-rank test for univariate analysis. RESULTS: Out of 141 eligible patients with LACC, 87 (61.7%) patients received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in referral hospitals, while 54 (38.3%) were treated at our center. We divided our cohort into two groups: poor EBRT responder group ( n = 70 [49.6%]) where IC-ISBT was adapted to achieve optimum tumor doses and OAR optimization group 71 (50.4%) where ICISBT was performed to reduce OAR doses. Median HRCTV-D90 dose was 88 Gy (range 70-109 Gy) with median HRCTV volume 33cc (range 15-96). Median D2cc doses to OARs were 90 Gy (range 70-107), 71 Gy (range 55-105) and 70 Gy (range 47-90) to bladder, rectum and sigmoid, respectively. At median follow-up of 32 months, 3-year local control (LC), locoregional control (LRC), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 83%, 75%, 64% and 72%, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed significantly better outcomes for OAR optimization compared to poor EBRT responders, with 3-year LC (95% vs. 70.1%, p < 0.001), LRC (87.3% vs. 62.7%, p < 0.001), DFS (79.2% vs. 49.4%, p < 0.001), and OS (86.2% vs. 57.4%, p < 0.001) CONCLUSION: In resource-constrained settings, implementation of Adaptive IC-ISBT is a viable alternative for optimizing OAR doses in LACC. However proactive approach employing IC-ISBT for tumor dose-escalation from first fraction of BT is warranted for improving LC in poor EBRT responders. (c) 2024 American Brachytherapy Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.