Potential hazards of bisphenol A on the male reproductive system: Induction of programmed cell death in testicular cells

A common industrial chemical known as bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to endocrine disruption and can interfere with hormonal signaling pathways in humans and animals. This comprehensive review aims to explore the detrimental consequences of BPA on reproductive organ performance and apoptosis induction, shedding light on the emerging body of evidence from laboratory animal studies. Historically, most studies investigating the connection between BPA and reproductive tissue function have mainly leaned on laboratory animal models. These studies have provided crucial insights into the harmful effects of BPA on several facets of reproduction. This review consolidates an increasing literature that correlates exposure to BPA in the environment with a negative impact on human health. It also integrates findings from laboratory studies conducted on diverse species, collectively bolstering the mounting evidence that environmental BPA exposure can be detrimental to both humans and animals, particularly to reproductive health. Furthermore, this article explores the fundamental processes by which BPA triggers cell death and apoptosis in testicular cells. By elucidating these mechanisms, this review aids a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between BPA and reproductive tissues. A common industrial chemical known as bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to endocrine disruption and is capable of interfering with hormonal signaling pathways in both humans and animals. This comprehensive review aims to explore the detrimental consequences of BPA on reproductive tissue performance and apoptosis induction, shedding light on the emerging body of evidence from both laboratory animal studies and epidemiological research. Historically, most studies investigating the connection between BPA and reproductive tissue function have mainly leaned on laboratory animal models. These studies have provided crucial insights into the harmful effects of BPA on several facets of reproduction. However, until recently, the number of epidemiological investigations examining the impacts of BPA on reproductive tissue performance and apoptosis induction in humans was limited. This review consolidates an increasing body of human literature that correlates exposure to BPA in the environment with negative effects on human health. It also integrates findings from laboratory studies conducted on diverse species, collectively bolstering the mounting evidence that environmental BPA exposure can be detrimental to both humans and animals, particularly in relation to reproductive health. Furthermore, this article explores the fundamental processes by which BPA triggers cell death and apoptosis in testicular cells. By elucidating these mechanisms, this review aids a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between BPA and reproductive tissues. image Apoptosis of the testicular cells occurs in both healthy and pathological situations. EDCs cause widespread germ cell death by upregulating apoptosis-related proteins or causing an oxidative imbalance Classifying the environmental pollutants that pose a significant risk to people in general and selecting the factors that need more investigation could aid in discovering environmental contaminants' risks.