Research Progress on Lignin-Based Carbon Electrode Materials in Rechargeable Batteries

Lignin, with its carbon content of up to 60%, can be an ideal precursor for the preparation of carbon materials. Carbonaceous materials obtained from lignin can be transformed into porous and structural morphologies at different scales, providing a biomass approach to energy conversion and storage in batteries. Focusing on lignin -derived carbon materials, this paper summarizes the different morphologies and structures of ligninbased carbon obtained through different preparation methods, and the different electrochemical properties exhibited by these materials as electrode materials for rechargeable batteries (lithium -ion batteries, sodium -ion batteries, lithium -sulphur batteries, etc.). In addition, the development prospects and challenges of lignin -based carbon materials in the field of rechargeable batteries are summarized, providing ideas for the next step in the design and development of high-performance ligninbased carbon -based electrode materials.