Life satisfaction, well-being, and happiness in older adults with and without formal support

Background and Aim : Understanding life satisfaction, subjective well-being, and happiness is important for gaining insight into the quality of life of older adults. While these constructs have been extensively researched, there are still gaps in understanding how they vary among older adults living in different arrangements. This study aimed to analyze these differences among older adults living in community settings versus formal contexts such as daycare centers and residential care. Method : The study involved 134 Portuguese older adults from three living settings: those living independently in the community without formal support (37.3%), those in daycare centers (38.1%), and those in residential care (24.6%). Data were collected using the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Personal Well-Being Index, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Results : The analysis revealed that older adults in the community reported lower life satisfaction and subjective well-being than those in daycare centers and residential care. No significant differences in happiness levels were observed across the different living arrangements. Additionally, the study found no differences in the variables between male and female participants. Positive correlations were found among life satisfaction, subjective well-being, and happiness across the three living settings. Conclusions : The findings emphasize the crucial role of formal support systems in enhancing life satisfaction and well-being among older adults. These systems provide essential social and psychological support, promote engagement, and maintain community involvement, especially for older individuals. Addressing the diverse needs of older adults through comprehensive support can contribute to more effective interventions and policies aimed at promoting successful and healthy aging.