Urinary stone analysis and clinical characteristics of 496 patients in Taiwan

Evaluate urinary stone components' epidemiological features in urolithiasis individuals and explore potential correlations between stone components and patients' clinical characteristics. A retrospective analysis of urinary stone compositions in 496 patients from a northern Taiwan medical center (February 2006 to October 2021) was conducted. We investigated associations between sex, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia (HLP), gout, coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebral vascular accident (CVA), chronic kidney disease (CKD), habits, urine pH, and three main stone groups: calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP), and uric acid (UA). Males accounted for 66.5% of cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.99:1. Males were negatively associated with CaP stones (OR 0.313, p < 0.001) and positively with UA stones (OR 2.456, p = 0.009). Age showed a negative correlation with CaOx stones (OR 0.987, p = 0.040) and a positive correlation with UA stones (OR 1.023, p < 0.001). DM had a protective effect against CaP stones (OR 0.316, p = 0.004). Gout had a positive association with UA stones (OR 2.085, p = 0.035). Smoking was adversely associated with UA stones (OR 0.350, p = 0.018). Higher urine pH was a risk factor for CaP stones (OR 1.641, p = 0.001) and a protective factor against UA stones (OR 0.296, p < 0.001). These results may provide insights into the pathogenesis of urinary stones and the development of preventative strategies for high-risk populations. Further research is required to confirm and expand upon these findings.