A cross-sectional analysis of prevalence of dental anomalies by CBCT images: An institutional-based retrospective study

Aim: To determine the prevalence of different types of dental anomalies using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images among the Al-Hasa population in Saudi Arabia and compare these variables between genders and nationalities. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study involving 509 CBCT images, in which patients were grouped based on their gender and nationality. The presence of dental anomalies was determined through the evaluation of CBCT images. Version 28 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was utilized to analyze the data, chi-square tests and multivariate analysis of variance were used, and P value was fixed at <= 0.05. Results: Out of the 509 CBCT images reviewed, a total of 135 patients (26.5%) exhibited one or more dental anomalies. Impacted canines had the highest prevalence among all types of impacted teeth, with a rate of 9.2%. Impacted premolars and molars (excluding third molars) had a lower prevalence of 2.6% and 1.2%, respectively. Impacted incisors had the lowest prevalence of 0.8%. Among dental anomalies affecting the number, position, and shape of teeth, the prevalence rates are as follows: congenitally missing teeth (6.7%), supernumerary teeth (2.2%), dilaceration (8.1%), microdontia (3.1%), ectopic eruption (2.6%), rotation (1.8%), and transposition (0.2%). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental anomalies is relatively high, with impacted canines being the most prevalent impacted teeth excluding third molars, whereas dilaceration was the most common anomaly affecting the shape of teeth. The prevalence of anomalies did not differ significantly between genders, except for rotation. Additionally, there was no significant difference reported in nationalities.