The crystal structure of new compound Ba 3BPO 7 has been solved by X ray powder diffraction technique. As a new structure type, the positions of barium, boron and phosphate atoms have been determined by single crystal direct method after profile decomposition from Ba 3BPO 7 X ray powder diffraction patterns. The positions of oxygen atoms have been determined by the interpretation of their vibration spectra which indicate that in this crystal the boron and phosphorus atoms form BO 3 and PO 4 polyhedra. The structure has been refined by Rietveld technique based on the above model.