Study of the Static Characteristics of Gas-Lubricated Thrust Bearings Using Analytical and Finite Element Methods

A study was conducted to develop a porous aerostatic rectangular thrust bearing model, with the aim of assessing how different operational conditions and geometric factors influence its static capabilities. Initially, the Reynolds equation was analytically solved. Subsequently, simulations were performed on the rectangular air bearing model. Analyzing the impact of throttle hole configurations, air film thickness, orifice size, and supply pressure revealed their significant effect on the bearing's load capacity, air consumption, peak airflow speed in the air film gap, and rigidity. Experimental validations were further conducted on manufactured bearings, corroborating the theoretical findings. It was observed that extending the length of the rectangular throttle hole array progressively increases gas consumption and diminishes stability, while the load capacity and stiffness initially surge then taper off. A thinner air film enhances load capacity and reduces gas flow, contributing to increased stability. Conversely, enlarging the orifice diameter boosts both load capacity and stability but escalates mass flow and diminishes stiffness. Elevating gas supply pressure enhances load capacity, flow rate, and stiffness, albeit at the cost of reduced stability. A comparative analysis among experimental data, finite element analysis, and analytical solutions showed strong congruence, affirming the precision of the latter two methods for predicting the bearing's performance. This investigation aids with refining bearing design for precision devices and offers insights to enhance bearing efficiency and lifespan and to reduce friction and wear. Given its lower computational demands, the analytical approach provides a rapid means to assess static characteristics, underscoring its utility alongside finite element techniques for optimizing aerostatic bearing parameters.