The role of regulatory T cells in vitiligo and therapeutic advances: a mini-review

Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play vital roles in controlling immune reactions and maintaining immune tolerance in the body. The targeted destruction of epidermal melanocytes by activated CD8(+)T cells is a key event in the development of vitiligo. However, Tregs may exert immunosuppressive effects on CD8(+)T cells, which could be beneficial in treating vitiligo. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science was conducted to gather information on Tregs and vitiligo. Results In vitiligo, there is a decrease in Treg numbers and impaired Treg functions, along with potential damage to Treg-related signaling pathways. Increasing Treg numbers and enhancing Treg function could lead to immunosuppressive effects on CD8(+)T cells. Recent research progress on Tregs in vitiligo has been summarized, highlighting various Treg-related therapies being investigated for clinical use. The current status of Treg-related therapeutic strategies and potential future directions for vitiligo treatment are also discussed. Conclusions A deeper understanding of Tregs will be crucial for advancing Treg-related drug discovery and treatment development in vitiligo.