Phytoestrogens: Chemistry, potential health benefits, and their medicinal importance

被引:10
作者
Chavda, Vivek P. [1 ]
Chaudhari, Amit Z. [2 ]
Balar, Pankti C. [3 ]
Gholap, Amol [4 ]
Vora, Lalitkumar K. [5 ]
机构
[1] LM Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Technol, Ahmadabad, India
[2] LM Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India
[3] LM Coll Pharm, Pharm Sect, Ahmadabad, India
[4] St John Inst Pharm & Res, Dept Pharmaceut, Palghat, Maharashtra, India
[5] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Pharm, Belfast, North Ireland
关键词
cancer; immune system; isoflavones; lignans; osteoporosis; Parkinson's disease; phenylpropanoid pathway; phytoestrogens; reproduction; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ER-ALPHA; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SOY ISOFLAVONES; METABOLISM; ESTROGEN; GENISTEIN;
D O I
10.1002/ptr.8196
中图分类号
R914 [药物化学];
学科分类号
100701 ;
摘要
Phytoestrogens, also known as xenoestrogens, are secondary metabolites derived from plants that have similar structures and biological effects as human estrogens. These compounds do not directly affect biological functions but can act as agonists or antagonists depending on the level of endogenous estrogen in the body. Phytoestrogens may have an epigenetic mechanism of action independent of estrogen receptors. These compounds are found in more than 300 plant species and are synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway, with specific enzymes leading to various chemical structures. Phytoestrogens, primarily phenolic compounds, include isoflavonoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans. Extensive research in animals and humans has demonstrated the protective effects of phytoestrogens on estrogen-dependent diseases. Clinical trials have also shown their potential benefits in conditions such as osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, and certain types of cancer. This review provides a concise overview of phytoestrogen classification, chemical diversity, and biosynthesis and discusses the potential therapeutic effects of phytoestrogens, as well as their preclinical and clinical development.
引用
收藏
页码:3060 / 3079
页数:20
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