Near-Field Full Dimensional Beam Codebook Design for XL-MIMO Communications

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multipleoutput (XL-MIMO) communication system with extremely large-scale antenna arrays can achieve ultra-high spectral efficiency. However, the conventional far-field beam codebooks may be mismatched with the near-field spherical-wavefront channel caused by large array aperture, which results in severe performance loss. To address this problem, we develop a criterion of codebook design to maximize the worst-case beam gain within the beam coverage. Then, a closed-form expression of the near-field full dimensional (FD) codebook with non-orthogonal structure is derived, which can realize the spatial oversampling regardless of the number of antennas at the transceiver. Simulation results show that our proposed non-orthogonal codebook can potentially improve the accuracy of near-field beam training, compared with existing codebooks.