A Comprehensive Review of Phototherapy in Atopic Dermatitis: Mechanisms, Modalities, and Clinical Efficacy

Background: This literature review explores atopic dermatitis and its management, with a focus on phototherapy as a treatment modality. Objectives: The primary objectives are to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology of atopic dermatitis. Additionally, it seeks to explain phototherapy mechanisms, different modalities, and other therapeutic approaches. Methodology: In this review, we comprehensively examine atopic dermatitis by synthesizing findings from diverse sources over the past 20 years. We investigate the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and role of phototherapy in treatment. We conduct thematic analysis, compare phototherapy modalities, consider contextual factors, and integrate patient perspectives while upholding ethical considerations. Limitations include potential publication bias, language barriers, temporal constraints, subjectivity, and limited generalizability. Conclusion: Atopic dermatitis has a complex pathogenesis and can be managed with diverse modalities. Phototherapy emerges as an effective and safe treatment, particularly when other therapies prove ineffective.