Organ and tumor dosimetry including method simplification for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T for treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer

Background Internal dosimetry in individual patients is essential for safe and effective radioligand therapy. Multiple time point imaging for accurate dosimetry is time consuming and hence can be demanding for nuclear medicine departments as well as patients. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess absorbed doses to organs at risk and tumor lesions for [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-I&T using whole body SPECT imaging and (2) to investigate possible simplified dosimetry protocols. Methods This study included 16 patients each treated with 4 cycles of [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-I&T. They underwent quantitative whole body SPECT/CT imaging (3 bed positions) at four time points (TP) comprising 2 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72-168 h post-injection (p.i.). Full 3D dosimetry (reference method) was performed for all patients and dose cycles for organs at risk (kidneys, parotid glands and submandibular glands) and up to ten tumor lesions per patient (resulting in 90 lesions overall). The simplified dosimetry methods (SM) included (1) generating time activity curves for subsequent cycles using a single TP of imaging applying the kinetics of dose cycle 1, and for organs at risk also (2) simple extrapolation from dose cycle 1 and (3) from both, dose cycle 1 and 2. Results Normalized absorbed doses were 0.71 +/- 0.32 mGy/MBq, 0.28 +/- 0.12 mGy/MBq and 0.22 +/- 0.08 mGy/MBq for kidneys, parotid glands and submandibular glands, respectively. Tumor doses decreased from 3.86 +/- 3.38 mGy/MBq in dose cycle 1 to 2.01 +/- 2.65 mGy/MBq in dose cycle 4. Compared to the full dosimetry approach the SM 1 using single TP imaging at 48 h p.i. resulted in the most accurate and precise results for the organs at risk in terms of absorbed doses per cycle and total cumulated dose. For tumor lesions better results were achieved using the fourth TP (>= 72 h p.i.). Conclusion Simplification of safety dosimetry protocols is possible for [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-I&T therapy. If tumor dosimetry is of interest a later imaging TP (>= 72 h p.i.) should be used/added to account for the slower kinetics of tumors compared to organs at risk.