Sexual harassment and psychological distress experienced by women police: The role of embitterment and psychological contract breach

Despite decades of workplace interventions, often focussed on increasing women police numbers, women continue to be under-represented in policing. Understanding the experiences of women once they have entered policing has been an area of ongoing interest. Examination of the experiences of women police is often undertaken with reference to its masculinized culture. Stemming from these discussions, sexual harassment remains a persistent concern across many police agencies. This study involves 491 women police employed in one large Australian, state police organization. Derived from the study findings, the concepts of psychological contract breach (PCB) and embitterment, two factors that have been rarely studied in policing, are critical to understanding the relationship between sexual harassment and psychological distress. Using mediated regression analysis, the research found PCB and embitterment provide a more nuanced explanation of outcomes of sexual harassment experiences and in turn, provided insight into why sexual harassment is associated with greater psychological distress. This research positions police agencies and their leaders to develop and implement more effective support strategies for women police who have experienced sexual harassment and mitigate negative psychological health impacts that may result.