Unraveling the therapeutic potential of quercetin and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide in Alzheimer's disease through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and dynamic simulations

Quercetin is a flavonoid with notable pharmacological effects and promising therapeutic potential. Quercetin plays a significant role in neuroinflammation, which helps reduce Alzheimer's disease (AD) severity. Quercetin (Q) and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide (Q3OG) are some of the most potent antioxidants available from natural sources. However, the natural form of quercetin converted into Q3OG when reacted with intestinal microbes. The study aims to ensure the therapeutic potential of Q and Q3OG. In this study, potential molecular targets of Q and Q3OG were first identified using the Swiss Target Prediction platform and pathogenic targets of AD were identified using the DisGeNET database. Followed by compound and disease target overlapping, 77 targets were placed in that AKT1, EGFR, MMP9, TNF, PTGS2, MMP2, IGF1R, MCL1, MET and PARP1 was the top-ranked target, which was estimated by CytoHubba plug-in. The Molecular docking was performed for Q and Q3OG towards the PDB:1UNQ target. The binding score of Q and Q3OG was - 6.2 kcal/mol and - 6.58 kcal/mol respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation was conducted for Q and Q3OG towards the PDB:1UNQ target at 200 ns. This study's results help identify the multiple target sites for the bioactive compounds. Thus, synthesizing new chemical entity-based quercetin on structural modification may aid in eradicating AD complications.