Effect of Colchicine Treatment on Clinical Course in Children with PFAPA Syndrome

Introduction Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis syndrome (PFAPA) is the most common periodic fever condition in children. There is no consensus on treatment to prevent attacks and reduce their frequency. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of colchicine treatment in PFAPA syndrome. In addition, we described the demographic and clinical features of PFAPA patients. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 58 PFAPA patients who were started on colchicine treatment between January 2017 and January 2022. Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory tests, genetic analysis of MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) mutations, and autoinflammatory disease activity index (AIDAI) scores of all patients were evaluated. In addition, patients were divided into two groups according to MEFV variants and compared. Results Attack frequency, duration, and AIDAI scores decreased in all patients after colchicine treatment. Duration of follow-up was 13.53 +/- 6.65 months. The median +/- IQR age at diagnosis was 3.2 (2-5) years. Thirty three (56.9%) patients had heterozygous mutations of MEFV. The most common MEFV variants were M694V (63.6%). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of colchicine responses. Conclusion Colchicine treatment is effective and safe in patients with PFAPA who have frequent attacks. No association was established between the presence of heterozygous mutations of MEFV and colchicine response.