Global Expert Opinion on Cryolipolysis Treatment Recommendations and Considerations: A Modified Delphi Study

Background: Cryolipolysis is an increasingly popular nonsurgical fat-reduction procedure. Published treatment guidance and adverse event (AE) management protocols are limited. Objective: A modified Delphi study aimed to establish global expert consensus on the use of CoolSculpting (Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, CA), a noninvasive cryolipolysis treatment system. Methods: A literature search informed survey topics for an 11-expert Delphi panel. Panelists completed an online 39-question survey. An interim panel discussion, with open-ended questions and yes/no voting, informed a second survey containing 61 statements, for which panelists rated agreement using a 5-point Likert scale. Topics included treatment outcome and responder definitions, patient evaluation and selection, treatment protocols, patient satisfaction, and AEs. Results: Panelists achieved consensus on 38 final guidelines and recommendations. They reached moderate to complete consensus on 4 statements on defining responders (ie, patients with a range of visible improvement) and 6 statements on patient factors contributing to treatment outcomes (eg, how well the applicator conforms to patient body region). Panelists defined minimum numbers of treatment cycles to achieve visible clinical outcomes for 12 body regions, with moderate to complete consensus on 31 statements. They achieved a strong to complete consensus on 7 statements about patient satisfaction (eg, importance of patient expectations, visible improvement, and before-and-after photographs). Panelists defined management strategies for AEs, with moderate to complete consensus on 15 statements. Conclusions: A modified Delphi process yielded multiple guideline recommendations for cryolipolysis, providing a needed resource for the broad range of clinicians who perform this noninvasive fat-reduction procedure.