Exposure methodologies for dissolved individual hydrocarbons, dissolved oil, water oil dispersions, water accommodated fraction and chemically enhanced water accommodated fraction of fresh and weathered oil

被引：0

作者：

Wade T.L. ^{[1
]}

Driscoll S.K. ^{[2
]}

McGrath J. ^{[3
]}

Coolbaugh T. ^{[4
]}

Liu Z. ^{[5
]}

Buskey E.J. ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, Chemical Oceanography and Crude Oil Chemistry

[2] Exponent, Inc., Aquatic Toxicology, One Mill & Main, Suite 150, Maynard, 01754, MA

[3] ERM, Oil Spill Toxicology Modelling

[4] Applied Research Associates, Ohmsett Facility

[5] The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Crude and Weathered Oil Chemistry

[6] The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Biological Oceanography and Estuarine Ecology

来源：

Marine Pollution Bulletin | 2022年 / 184卷

关键词：

Exposure methods; Oil; Toxicity; Water accommodated fraction;

D O I：

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114085

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Characterizing the nature and effects of oil released into the marine environment is very challenging. It is generally recognized that “environmentally relevant” conditions for exposure involve a range of temporal and spatial conditions, a range of exposure pathways (e.g., dissolved, emulsions, sorbed onto particulates matter), and a multitude of organisms, populations, and ecosystems. Various exposure methodologies have been used to study the effects of oil on aquatic organisms, and uniform protocols and exposure methods have been developed for the purposes of regulatory toxicological assessments. Ultimately, all exposure methods have drawbacks, it is impossible to totally mimic field conditions, and the choice of exposure methodology depends on the specific regulatory, toxicological, or other research questions to be addressed. The aim of this paper is to provide a concise review of the state of knowledge to identify gaps in that knowledge and summarize challenges for the future. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

引用

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