Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: From Medical Treatment to Advanced Heart Failure Therapies

Purpose of ReviewThere has been much debate surrounding novel medical therapies and heart transplantation listing challenges in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Recent FindingsRecent clinical trials led to FDA approval of mavacamten (a cardiac myosin inhibitor), offering symptom relief and potentially delaying/avoiding invasive septal reduction therapies for some patients with HCM and left ventricular outflow obstruction (LVOTO). For those with refractory symptoms and end-stage heart failure, heart transplantation remains the gold standard. However, the concern for the organ allocation system failing to prioritize those individuals persists.SummaryHCM is a heterogeneous genetic condition with variable penetration and clinical presentation. Even though a large portion of patients remain asymptomatic, an important minority develops debilitating symptoms refractory to medical therapy. Post-HT short- and long-term outcomes are favorable. However, HT waitlist mortality remains high. For highly selected patients with HCM, a left ventricular assist device is a viable option.