Thermal and hydraulic performance of ZnO/EG based nanofluids in mini tubes of different diameters: An experimental investigation

被引:3
作者
Ahsan, Muhammad [1 ]
Qamar, Adnan [1 ]
Shaukat, Rabia [1 ]
Siddiqi, Habib-ur-Rehman [1 ]
Anwar, Zahid [1 ]
Farooq, Muhammad [1 ]
Amjad, Muhammad [1 ]
Imran, Shahid [1 ]
Ahmed, Mansoor [2 ]
Mujtaba, M. A. [1 ]
Fayaz, H. [3 ]
Souayeh, Basma [4 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Engn & Technol Lahore, Dept Mech Mechatron & Mfg Engn, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
[2] ZI Engn, PC 10 Fifth St,Third Floor,Suite 303, Valley Stream, NY 44581 USA
[3] Ton Duc Thang Univ, Fac Elect & Elect Engn, Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulat & Artific, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
[4] King Faisal Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, POB 400, Al Hasa 31982, Saudi Arabia
[5] Univ Tunis El Manar, Fac Sci Tunis, Phys Dept, Lab Fluid Mech, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
关键词
Compact channels; Ethylene glycol; Frictional losses; Heat transfer coefficient; Nanofluid; Nanoparticle; Stability; Thermal conductivity; Viscosity; HEAT-TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; DISPERSION STABILITY; CAR RADIATOR; CONDUCTIVITY; WATER; VISCOSITY; OXIDE; FLOW;
D O I
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26493
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The present experimental study investigates the thermal and hydraulic performance of Ethylene Glycol (EG)-based ZnO nanofluids (NFs) in circular minichannel test sections, each of 330 mm in length and 1.0-2.0 mm inner diameters. The experiments were conducted under steady-state constant heat flux and laminar flow conditions. The stable ZnO/EG-based NFs were synthesized using a standard two-step method in varying nanoparticles (NPs) loadings (0.012-0.048 wt %). The morphological characteristics, crystal structure, and specific surface area (SSA) showed that the NPs were sized in nm, possessing excellent crystal structure and enhanced surface area. Thermal conductivity (TC) and viscosity (VC) of the NFs were examined in the 20-60 C-degrees temperature range. Both TC and VC possessed an increasing trend with the rise in concentration of the NPs. However, with the temperature rise, TC increased while the VC decreased and vice versa. The highest enhancements in TC and VC were 14.38 % and 15.22 %, respectively, at 40 C-degrees and 0.048 wt% of NPs loading. The highest enrichment recorded in the local and average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) were 14.80 % and 13.48% in a minichannel with 1.0 mm inner diameter, respectively. It was directly proportional to the NPs loading and volume flow rate of the NFs. The friction factor was also directly proportional to the test section's inner cross-sectional area, while the pressure gradient showed an inverse behavior. An inverse relationship was recorded for the volume flow rate of the NFs and vice versa. Maximum friction factor and the pressure drop for all three minichannel test sections were recorded as 34.58 % and 32.16 %, respectively. The wellknown Shah correlation predicted the local and average HTC within +/- 15.0 %, while the friction factor and the pressure gradient were well predicted by the Darcy correlation within the +/- 10.0 % range.
引用
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页数:20
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