Trust management in the internet of vehicles: a systematic literature review of blockchain integration

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) promises to revolutionize transportation in smart cities, but its interconnectedness raises critical security and privacy concerns. Limited computational power, diverse network technologies, and many sensors and vehicles challenge data integrity and trust in data exchange. Existing solutions, often dependent on specific environments and protocols, struggle to address these issues across the entire IoV ecosystem. This paper explores the potential of blockchain technology to address these challenges. We argue that blockchain's immutability and decentralization offer a unique solution for trust management in various IoV environments. We review existing blockchain-based algorithms and models proposed for IoV integration and propose a novel taxonomy to categorize these approaches. This taxonomy will help us analyze effective parameters, implementation methods, and evaluation metrics in the reviewed literature. According to our research, the most critical evaluation parameter for blockchain-based methods is time, including system-level service-related time parameters and solution implementation time, and 38% of existing papers simulated the approach using Hyperledger. Additionally, we will identify key challenges from integrating blockchain into the IoV landscape. By providing a comprehensive review and analysis of blockchain-based trust management solutions for IoV, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing development of secure and reliable intelligent transportation systems.