Fast and robust clustering of general-shaped structures with tk-merge

In real -world applications, the group of provenance of data can be inherently uncertain, the data values can be imprecise and some of them can be wrong. We handle uncertain, imprecise and noisy data in clustering problems with general -shaped structures. We do it under very weak parametric assumptions with a two-step hybrid robust clustering algorithm based on trimmed k -means and hierarchical agglomeration. The algorithm has low computational complexity and effectively identifies the clusters also in presence of data contamination. We also present natural generalizations of the approach as well as an adaptive procedure to estimate the amount of contamination in a data -driven fashion. Our proposal outperforms state-of-the-art robust, model -based methods in our numerical simulations and real -world applications related to color quantization for image analysis, human mobility patterns based on GPS data, biomedical images of diabetic retinopathy, and weather data.