Multi-objective optimization and machine learning assisted design and synthesis of magnesium based novel non-equiatomic medium entropy alloy

Non equiatomic compositionally complex alloys have gained significant attention due to their unique combinations of properties including high strength, good ductility, excellent thermal stability and corrosion resistance. The non equiatomic compositions provide flexibility in tailoring the mechanical, thermal, magnetic, biomedical and other functional properties to meet the specific application requirements. In this study, a novel design approach was proposed to identify quaternary non equiatomic medium entropy alloy for biomedical application. The design methodology employs multi -objective optimization of empirical phase formation parameters and ML algorithm to design solid solution containing non equiatomic medium entropy alloy. The suggested approach scans over a large composition space to find possible non-equiatomic compositionally complex alloy compositions (CCA) with desired phases. The proposed methodology is an alternative to trial -and -error alloy fabrication and CCA design approach reported in the literature. This step significantly reduced the time and resources utilized in CCA design by decreasing the number of experimental runs. Based on the design strategy, Mg 60 Ti 24.24 Zn 9.66 Nb 6.1 alloy was designed and selected for fabrication through powder metallurgy route by employing microwave sintering. The Mg rich alloy exhibited the presence of two solid solution phases viz HCP and BCC in both prealloyed powder and final sintered specimen. The developed alloy showed a high microhardness value of 153.9 +/- 0.85HV with a measured density of 2.82 +/- 0.03 g/cm 3 . The mechanical properties such as yield strength, ultimate compressive strength, elastic modulus and fracture strain of the developed alloy were found to be superior to that of pure Mg and AZ31 fabricated through the same manufacturing route. Mechanical properties of local phases present within the alloy were assessed through nanoindentation technique. Elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H) values for the Ti rich BCC phase were 118.9 +/- 7.2 GPa and 4.65 +/- 1.1 GPa, respectively, whereas the Mg rich HCP phase showed values of 65.2 +/- 7 GPa and 1.6 +/- 0.43 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, with minor changes to the constraint equations and correct ML dataset selection, the suggested design technique can be applied to any multi -principal element alloy system to design non-equiatomic compositions.