The returned product-process matrix: A decision-making framework for reverse logistics operations strategic choice

A common and comprehensive framework that clarifies the choice of a reverse logistics (RL) strategy is still unavailable in the extant literature. Such a complete framework for RL decision-making has the potential to offer insights for the choice of RL strategies, particularly in this era where closed-loop supply chain is gaining traction in research and practice. Thus, this study seeks to identify RL strategies based on a systematic literature review and industry consultation. The study used the systematic literature review approach to analyse articles collected mostly from the Scopus database. The outcome is a framework, referred to as the "Returned Product-Process Matrix" (RPPM), that offers a holistic view of RL strategies, which can serve as a decision-support system for practitioners in choosing the appropriate RL strategy. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, the RPPM is the first attempt at comprehensively structuring and clarifying the RL decision-making in green logistics operations.