Factors Predicting Readmission and Mortality in Patients Admitted for Malignant Bowel Obstruction

Introduction: Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common complication of patients with advanced malignancies and has poor prognosis. Currently, there are limited guidelines for MBO management or predicting outcomes for these patients. Objective: To identify patient factors associated with readmission and mortality after hospital admission for MBO. Participants: A 5-year retrospective review was performed from 2017 to 2022 at a single tertiary institution to evaluate patients admitted for MBO. All patients had advanced cancer of gastrointestinal or gynecologic primary. Patient demographics, socioeconomic factors, tumor characteristics, and inpatient outcomes were collected. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine variables predicting hospital readmission for recurrent MBO and 90-day mortality. Results: 210 patients were included. Mean age was 61 years, 28% were male, and 19% did not primarily speak English. 35% of patients lived over 50 miles from the hospital. On multivariable analysis, non-English speaking patients exhibited increased risk of readmission for MBO (OR = 2.82, P = .039). Older age was associated with decreased risk for MBO readmission (OR = .96, P = .007). Ascites was associated with increased mortality (OR = 2.17, P = .043). Earlier palliative care (PC) consultation predicted decreased readmission (OR = .24, P < .001) yet increased mortality at 90 days (OR = 3.20, P = .003). Conclusion: Patient age, primary language, and PC consult were predictors for MBO readmission, which may impact 90-day mortality. Given the palliative nature of MBO, modifiable factors such as PC consultation and multidisciplinary goals of care discussions should be prioritized in order to reduce readmissions and focus on quality of life (QOL) for this patient population.