Comparing the Effects of Intramuscular Injections of Dexamethasone and Ketorolac Tromethamine on Post-treatment Endodontic Pain: An In Vivo Study

Background and objectives: Pain is the primary reason dental patients seek endodontic therapy. Posttreatment endodontic discomfort is a sequelae of periapical inflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids and non -steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) would be reasonable therapy options. The purpose of this study was to compare and assess the efficacy of intramuscular injections of dexamethasone and ketorolac tromethamine versus placebo in reducing post -treatment endodontic pain in individuals undergoing root canal treatment.<br /> Methodology: Patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were selected. Nonsurgical endodontic therapy was carried out in a single visit. After completion of the root canal therapy, the patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups for intramuscular drug administration. In group 1, 2 ml of sterile saline was administered, in group 2, 1 ml of 4 mg dexamethasone was administered; and in group 3, 1 ml of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine was administered. Preoperative and postoperative pain intensity was measured by a verbal rating scale. Postoperatively, the incidence and severity of pain were recorded after four, 24, and 48 hours.<br /> Results: All three groups showed a highly statistically significant reduction in pain scores when compared to preoperative levels. At the end of four hours, dexamethasone and ketorolac tromethamine showed highly significant results. Dexamethasone significantly reduced pain after 24 hours when compared to ketorolac and placebo groups. At the conclusion of 48 hours, all three groups experienced a gradual decrease in pain levels. Conclusion: Effective and complete debridement of infected root canal system provides predictable gradual reduction of post-endodontic pain.