Outcomes After Initiation of Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder at Hospital Discharge

被引:12
作者
Bernstein, Eden Y. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Baggett, Travis P. [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Trivedi, Shrunjal [5 ]
Herzig, Shoshana J. [3 ,5 ]
Anderson, Timothy S. [5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Internal Med, 100 Cambridge St,16th Floor, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[2] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston, MA USA
[3] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA
[4] Boston Hlth Care Homeless Program, Inst Res Qual & Policy Homeless Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA
[5] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA USA
[6] Univ Pittsburgh, Div Gen Internal Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA
基金
美国医疗保健研究与质量局;
关键词
D O I
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3387
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Importance US Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) are significantly underused. Hospitalizations may provide an unmet opportunity to initiate MAUD, but few studies have examined clinical outcomes of patients who initiate these medications at hospital discharge. Objective To investigate the association between discharge MAUD initiation and 30-day posthospitalization outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted among patients with Medicare Part D who had alcohol-related hospitalizations in 2016. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to December 2023. Exposures Discharge MAUD initiation was defined as oral naltrexone, acamprosate, or disulfiram pharmacy fills within 2 days of discharge. Main outcomes The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality or return to hospital (emergency department visits and hospital readmissions) within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes included these components separately, return to hospital for alcohol-related diagnoses, and primary care or mental health follow-up within 30 days of discharge. Propensity score 3:1 matching and modified Poisson regressions were used to compare outcomes between patients who received and did not receive discharge MAUD. Results There were 6794 unique individuals representing 9834 alcohol-related hospitalizations (median [IQR] age, 54 [46-62] years; 3205 hospitalizations among females [32.6%]; 1754 hospitalizations among Black [17.8%], 712 hospitalizations among Hispanic [7.2%], and 7060 hospitalizations among White [71.8%] patients). Of these, 192 hospitalizations (2.0%) involved discharge MAUD initiation. After propensity matching, discharge MAUD initiation was associated with a 42% decreased incidence of the primary outcome (incident rate ratio, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.76]; absolute risk difference, -0.18 [95% CI, -0.26 to -0.11]). These findings were consistent among secondary outcomes (eg, incident rate ratio for all-cause return to hospital, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.43 to 0.73]) except for mortality, which was rare in both groups (incident rate ratio, 3.00 [95% CI, 0.42 to 21.22]). Discharge MAUD initiation was associated with a 51% decreased incidence of alcohol-related return to hospital (incident rate ratio, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.34 to 0.71]; absolute risk difference, -0.15 [95% CI, -0.22 to -0.09]). Conclusion and relevance In this cohort study, discharge initiation of MAUD after alcohol-related hospitalization was associated with a large absolute reduction in return to hospital within 30 days. These findings support efforts to increase uptake of MAUD initiation at hospital discharge.
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页数:12
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