Target and non-target analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in representative chrome mist suppressants on the Chinese market

被引：11

作者：

Cheng X. ^{[1
]}

Liu L. ^{[1
]}

Ge Y. ^{[1
]}

Weber R. ^{[2
]}

Huang J. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Ts

[2] POPs Environmental Consulting, Ulmenstrasse 23, Schwäbisch Gmünd

来源：

Chemosphere | 2023年 / 337卷

关键词：

Chrome mist suppressant; PFASs; PFOS; Stockholm convention;

D O I：

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139419

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Fluorinated chrome mist suppressants (CMSs) have been widely used in the electroplating industry globally, including China. In compliance with the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, China has phased out perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) as CMS, except for closed-loop systems, before March 2019. Since then, several alternatives have been introduced to replace PFOS, but many of them still belong to the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) family. In this study, for the first time, we collected and analyzed CMS samples from the Chinese market in 2013, 2015, and 2021 to determine their PFAS composition. For products with relatively few PFAS targets, we performed a total fluorine (TF) screening test and suspect and non-target analysis. Our findings suggest that 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS) has become the primary alternative on the Chinese market. Surprisingly, we identified 8:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (8:2 Cl-PFAES) as the primary ingredient in a CMS product (F–115B), which is the longer chain modification of the classical CMS product (F–53B). Furthermore, we identified three novel PFASs as PFOS alternatives, including hydrogen-substituted perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (H–PFSAs) and perfluorinated ether sulfonates (O–PFSAs). We also screened and identified six hydrocarbon surfactants in PFAS-free products as the primary ingredients. Despite this, some PFOS-based CMSs remain on the Chinese market. To prevent the opportunistic use of PFOS for illegal purposes, it is essential to enforce regulations strictly and ensure that such CMSs are used only in closed-loop chrome plating systems. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

引用

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