Banxia Xiexin Tang attenuates high glucose-induced hepatocyte injury by activating SOD2 to scavenge ROS via PGC-1α/IGFBP1

This study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Tang (BXXXT) on liver cell damage caused by high glucose (H-G) and to clarify its molecular regulatory pathways. First, the main components in BXXXT-containing serum were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to provide basic data for subsequent experiments. Subsequently, the effect of BXXXT on high glucose (H-G)-induced hepatocyte activity was evaluated through screening of the optimal concentration of drug-containing serum. Experimental results showed that BXXXT significantly reduced the loss of cell activity caused by high glucose. Further research focuses on the regulatory effect of BXXXT on high glucose-induced hepatocyte apoptosis, especially its effect on the PGC-1 alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha) pathway. Experimental results showed that BXXXT reduced high-glucose-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and exerted its protective effect by upregulating the activity of the PGC-1 alpha pathway. BXXXT significantly increased the expression level of IGFBP1 (insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins) in hepatocytes under a high-glucose environment. It cleared mitochondrial ROS (reactive oxygen species) by enhancing SOD2 (superoxide dismutase) enzyme activity and maintained the survival of hepatocytes under a high-glucose environment. Finally, the regulation of PGC-1 alpha by BXXXT is indeed involved in the regulation of IGFBP1 expression in hepatocytes and its downstream SOD2 effector signaling. Taken together, this study provides an in-depth explanation of the protective mechanism of BXXXT on hepatocytes in a high-glucose environment, focusing on regulating the expression of the PGC-1 alpha pathway and IGFBP1, and reducing cell damage by scavenging ROS. This provides an experimental basis for further exploring the potential of BXXXT in the treatment of diabetes-related liver injury.