Humidity sensor using numerical simulation and electrospun Pd/TEA/PVA on a U-shaped fiber sensor

In this study, we proposed a novel humidity sensor for environmental monitoring and biomedicine applications. The sensing layer of the U-shaped fiber sensor was fabricated by electrospinning. Used COMSOL Multiphysics software simulation to determine the optimal wavelength and transmission loss by finding the best U-shaped fiber radius between 1 and 2 mm. Results showed at 1550 nm, a 1.5 mm radius had better transmission loss. In the humidity experiment, the U-shaped fiber transmission loss significantly increased from 20% to 70% RH. The average change was 0.222 dB/%RH with a sensitivity of 0.004 dB/%RH and linearity of 0.940, indicating good linearity and reproducibility. Furthermore, the electrospun Pd/Triethanolamine (TEA) wire material improved the sensor layer's sensitivity and stability to humidity, enhancing the humidity measurement response. © 2023 Elsevier GmbH