Study on the gas phase migration and distribution characteristics in horizontal well air sparging remediation

Horizontal well air sparging (AS) technology has been proven to be efficient in remediating saturated soils and groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nevertheless, the airflow patterns and the mechanisms governing uniformity in the horizontal well AS process remain elusive, and a quantitative characterization of the zone of influence (ZOI) has yet to be determined. In this study, we employed both model experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the distribution patterns of lateral airflow in horizontal air sparging tubes within a porous medium. The influence of parameters such as air sparging pressure, groundwater flow, the inclination angle of the air sparging tubes, and the diameter of the medium particles on the distribution patterns of gas -phase transport in horizontal well AS was analyzed. The results show that both groundwater flow and the inclination of air sparging tubes disrupt the uniformity of gas distribution. The ZOI area of AS is observed as an oblong shape in the horizontal plane and a parabolic contour along the boundaries. Additionally, a mutual influence is identified between groundwater flow and AS airflow. Furthermore, the inclination of air sparging tubes results in the formation of preferential flow near the air source end. The ZOI of horizontal AS demonstrates a positive correlation with air sparging pressure and a negative correlation with medium particle diameter. All of the results elucidated above provide valuable information for the design and theoretical modelling of AS within horizontal wells for groundwater remediation.